Reviewed by Joe Maloney, M.D.Ebstein’s anomaly is a congenital heart defect; in other words, it is present at birth instead of developing later. It may not be diagnosed until later, however. In Ebstein’s anomaly (sometimes called Ebstein’s malformation), the tricuspid valve in the heart is not formed correctly. This condition is mild in many adults, and may only require monitoring. Surgery is available to those with more serious cases.
The tricuspid valve regulates the blood flow between the right atrium, which receives oxygen-poor blood returning from the body, and the right ventricle, which pumps this blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Because one or two of the normally three parts of the valve do not function, some blood leaks backwards into the right atrium from the right ventricle.Symptoms may include:
Fatigue
Fluid retention
Cough and congestion
Heart murmur or other heart sounds
Cyanosis, or a bluish tint to the skin (a result of too much oxygen-poor blood)
Tachycardia, or racing heartbeat. Tachycardia can cause fainting, dizziness, lightheadedness, or chest discomfort. Call your doctor if you notice any of the symptoms of Ebstein’s anomaly or if you think you are at risk. If you have chest pains, radiating pain, or difficulty breathing, always go to the emergency room.
Diagnosis is usually made through one of the following diagnostic tests:
Chest X-ray. The heart of someone with Ebstein’s anomaly would likely look enlarged on the X-ray, which shows images of internal tissues and bones.
Echocardiogram. This test produces a moving picture of the heart by using sound waves and an electric sensor. It is the procedure of choice for establishing the diagnosis and severity of Ebstein’s anomaly.
Electrocardiogram. Electrodes allow the doctor to view heart activity and any abnormal heart rhythms. It is usually abnormal in Ebstein’s anomaly.
Your cardiologist may advise against certain competitive sports such as football. Work with your doctor to come up with a plan that is right for you. Pregnant women need to be monitored more closely because pregnancy puts additional strain on the heart and other organs. There is a slightly higher risk of stroke and other complications, so be sure to discuss with your doctor.
Explore More
Learn more about Ebstein’s anomaly on the Mayo Clinic Web site.
The American Heart Association has a good overview page on Ebstein’s anomaly.
Read about congenital heart disease
